Wang Keping, “Eternal Smile”, bronze pendant, 4 x 4 cm, edition of 200, 2013
王克平,《笑口常开》
Somehow, looking across at this man—his eyes like small fireballs,
his large hands and torso—makes this meeting seem like a confrontation, a
silent one, between male and female. He looks like a peasant worker,
his only gentility in the cleanliness of his appearance—black shirt and
black trousers. I can see his old Maoist work jackets and pants behind
us, hanging on another chair; stained, limp, worn out, torn. He has
obviously dressed to meet me.
Assemblage: technique of creating sculpture by combining various elements. Often constructed, it may include found objects (objets trouvées) and/or elements modelled or carved by the artist. See also Construction
When I ask him which of his works are new, he insists there aren’t
any. He always sculpts the same thing, women and birds, some with erotic
beaks. Sometimes he sculpts couples, male and female, often in an
embrace. He is sculpting feelings, not series and instincts, not
theories.
“I never think of a series,” he tells me, “I find how to do it with
the wood, and it is organic. The most important thing is to look for the
wood—it is difficult to buy. Mostly planks or beams are for sale. But I
need big, rounder pieces. I sometimes go on excursions to the
countryside to look for appropriate wood. Even when I find it, I am not
sure I can use it but I bring it home anyway. I dry it. Then I mark the
form and cut it with a chainsaw. Then I dry it again. Sometimes, I wait a
year for it to dry and to crack properly. It is ready if it has cracked
many times. I then use a chisel. And sand it. I then use a blowtorch to
achieve the black, ebony color. The color is beautiful, yin and
natural. Painted wood would not be the same. The contact with fire makes
it natural. Fire is nature.”
He takes me outside to the stacks of penciled marked trunks and the
chiseled pieces drying in the sun. The garden around is wild, with
pink-hued peonies falling over in clumps next to raspberry bushes
weighed down with berries.
I notice a work on the table outside—a male figure with an oblong head and two phalluses touching each other.
“There were two wooden branches entwined, I saw them. Erotic and unusual, isn’t it?” he says, catching my eye.
It reminds me of a painting I saw once at the old Shanghai painter’s
house, Li Shan, a male figure with male and female attributes—beyond
sex.
Somehow, the two phalluses make the wooden sculpture look more feminine.
“My works are not erotic,” he adds. “They are just real, human. Even
the birds I sculpt: The beaks look masculine but this is the way people
see them. If you look at Bada Shanren, all of his birds look sexual, but
it is because they seem human—they seem to have feelings. Nature is a
form of beauty and aesthetic.” I wonder if all art is not innately
erotic.
Wang Keping, “Bird”, cypress, 58 cm high, 2006
王克平,《鸟》,柏木,高58厘米,2006
We go back inside for some more tea. I ask him about the painting in the back room, a small, tarnished work on canvas.
“Oh, that is Liu Dahong’s,” he tells me. “He made it for me when I
came to Paris in 1989. You can see me peeking out of a small window, in
the buildings above. It is a depiction of Pigalle, the red light
district. The man with the cap on crutches in the street, seen from the
back, is Ma Desheng, also a “Stars” artist…. Liu asked me if he ever
came to Paris, how would he find me? It was his way of joking—he’d know
where to look. Pigalle, Montmartre, where all the artists end up, with
women. I kept it as a memory.”
Women beckon from doorways in the painting; the sky is Van Gogh blue
with stars. Wang Keping seems to have had a sort of Casanova reputation,
except that he spends most of his time alone at the studio, with his
family elsewhere. He is like a lone monk, day after day, with his pieces
of wood, unremitting. Most of them are women, anyway.
He takes out an old play he had written when he was in New York with
Ai Weiwei, visiting in the 1980s. It is about a woman artist sitting in a
museum, talking to people, part of a performance. Wang comes in with
his translator, Lao Ai (Ai Weiwei, in fact), and asks the woman if he
can touch her, if she is an exhibit. She says, “Yes.” He replies that he
is a sculptor, in any case: “I am a manual laborer, moving around
bodies all day.”
Yet the rebellious machismo of the short play seems to stem less from
the artist than from the socio-historical context. The Stars endured a
lack of freedom which was not only political but also sexual; that
generation lived under sexual repression. Another artist friend from the
same period told me that the first time he drew a nude, the police came
to knock down his door and the poor girl had not fully undressed. The
nude as such was unthinkable.
Seeing Huang Rui’s erotic drawings of the same period, one can sense
the repression, the lure of the forbidden, the hurried sessions.
The story of his life as Keping tells it sounds like Celine’s
Journey to the End of the Night—a
voyage of self-discovery, more than anything. It is as though the
“Beijing Spring” generation was simply grappling for freedom and in the
end, turned to art, freedom’s highest form.
“I was a Red Guard; we were sent to Heilongjiang, the far North,” Keping recounts. “We lost our
hukou
or residence permit. I joined a theater troupe—an army troupe to escape
the countryside and return to the city. I was originally cast as Lei
Feng, the Communist Party hero in a Shenyang theater group, but then I
was refused the part as they thought I had gotten it through the
houmen
or back door (my mother was an actress with connections). I was
eventually accepted into a Kunming theater group—It was paradise. We
were two to a bed, not more, no fleas; we could sleep lying down instead
of vertically. But most of us at that time underwent a sort of sexual
depression. One couldn’t even talk to girls or dare look at them without
being criticized and punished.”
“At first, I was happy being an actor, but then I thought, everything
I do can be subject to criticism. It is like prison. I decided to leave
the army troupe and work in a factory in Hebei. But I left that too and
started working for CCTV first as an actor, then script writer. The
director thought I was so talented, acting and scriptwriting at the same
time—he couldn’t get over it. But whenever I mentioned the Gang of Four
or some other touchy subject, I was censored. I was asked to put on
Waiting for Godot with the French embassy. But it had to be done
according to party ‘guidelines’. I was under the yoke. I thought, ‘I
need to escape again.’”
“When Mao Zedong died, Beijing was really starting to really “swing”.
Foreigners were coming, people were into freedom, and the ‘thing’ at
that time was a ghetto blaster. I traded one for a painting—people did
in those days. If you had one, you could dance in the park or at home,
have a party. Soon, the Party put up signs: NO DANCING. The police
arrested dancers. Everything was forbidden.”
“Some of the art movement began as
fankang yishu ["revolt
art" or "resistance art"]. I started to sculpt as a revolt. My first
sculpture was a man screaming holding a book, a little Red Book, It was
theatrical, representing political figures as puppets.”
“I had never had any training. Just a need to create. To do my own thing.”
“Everyone was an autodidact back then. The universities were shut
down. Writers, artists, we all gathered round the Stars group—people
like Ma Desheng, Bei Dao and Wei Jingsheng, the activist. I met Forest
Blackfield, the New York Times correspondent in a park, clandestinely.
He wrote about me first, a new art movement around the Beijing Spring.
People looking for freedom.”
Wang Keping, “EX-VOTO: Hearty Laugh”, maple, 45 cm high, 1996
“Now people can do things in the freedom of their homes, in China. Of
course, there is a lot of self-censorship; this business of Ai Weiwei
with UCCA is part and parcel of that. When I did my show at UCCA, I
wasn’t allowed to invite Li Xianting. He could come, but he couldn’t
speak. Artists now have a great life – unless you make a conscious
decision to oppose the government. My father was a writer, my mother was
an actress, and everything they did was criticized. From my youth, I
thought: all art should be free. That is what I said on the banner I
carried during the Beijing Spring.”
“What about influences?” I ask. “If you didn’t study art, what inspired you?”
“I do think I was inspired in some sense afterwards; I traveled to Henan, collected the
wanju, old toys of the peasants. The Han dynasty I like in its simplicity.”
But Wang Keping doesn’t really remember any of the first Western
artists he saw or any foreign influence. He told me he feels his art is
“instinctive”. Some might call it “art brut” or primitivism; his works
often remind people of African idols or Brancusi’s animals and birds. He
tells me he did not want to suffer outside influences, preferring
instead to keep a clear, simple eye and mind.
“I have always had the temperament of a sculptor. I was arrogant even
as a child. People said I should study. But I didn’t want to join in,
look at this, and look at that. Some artists now just take from here and
there; they have no language of their own.”
“Technique can be taught, but the
jingli (experience) and
gexing (character) can’t be. There are composers and there are interpreters.”
“Sometimes, I use half a day and nothing comes out of it. The most
important is not to make something beautiful or resembling a thing, but
to make something original. I want to be a composer.”
“I am also Chinese; I do not make Chinese contemporary art or Chinese art, necessarily. I am making art as an individual.”
With this, Keping tells me he has to get back to work. He heads
towards the chiseling room where a few women are kneeling forward into a
circle, their hair tied in a bun like a dot at the end of a question
mark. They look like spirals, infinite, spiraling mother figures, the
origin of the universe. The simplest thing and yet the truest. If you
never move—
wu wei, non-action—you might attain some truth, some inescapable reality, some revelation.
The bear lumbers back to his den with his chisel, ready to find something in the wood.
Wang Keping, “EX-VOTO: Fruits”, poplar, 46 cm high, 2003
王克平,《性品系列:果实》,白杨木,高46厘米,2003
Wang Keping, “WOMAN: Under the Moon”, cypress, 60 cm high, 2010
王克平,《女人系列:月亮之下》,柏木,高60厘米,2010
Wang Keping
王克平
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